% Mgo Determination Free Essays

Vu Ngo % MgO Determination September 10, 2012 Procedure: Reference to lab manual Data: Mass of Na2EDTA†¢2H2O, g| . 9289| Standardization of EDTA Solution | Trial 1| Trial 2| Final buret perusing, EDTA (mL)| 18. 5| 36. We will compose a custom exposition test on % Mgo Determination or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 7| Initial buret perusing, EDTA(mL)| 0. 5| 18. 5| Determination of % MgO of Unknown Number | 4J| | Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3| Mass of test (g)| 0. 2135| 0. 2132| 0. 2139| Final buret perusing, EDTA (mL)| 73. 5| 74. 2| 74. 2| Initial buret perusing, EDTA(mL)| 0. 5| 0| Measurement of water clear Final buret perusing, EDTA(mL)| 14. 5| Initial buret perusing, EDTA(mL)| 14. 2| Sample Calculation: Given: Molar mass of Na2EDTA*2H2O, g/mol| 372. 25| Expected M of EDTA arrangement, mol/L (M)| 0. 01| Concentration of Zn2+, (M)| 0. 0125| 10mL*1L1000mL= 0. 01L C1V1=C2V2 .0125M. 010L)=C2(. 018L) C2=. 0125M*. 0100L. 0180L=. 00694M .00694M+. 0687M2=. 00691M C2=. 00691M. 073=5. 04*10-4mol %MgO=5. 04*10-4mol40. 05. 2135g*100=9. 51% Results: Standardization of EDTA Solution | Trial 1| Trial 2| Volume utilized, EDTA(mL)| 18. 0| 18. 2| Molarity of EDTA arrangement, (M)| 0. 00694| 0. 00687| Average Molarity of EDTA arrangement, (M)| 0. 00691| Determination of % MgO of Unknown | Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3| Volume utilized, EDTA (mL)| 73. | 74. 2| 74. 2| Mole of Mg2+in sample| 5. 04E-04| 5. 12E-04| 5. 12E-04| % of MgO in test, %| 9. 52| 9. 69| 9. 66| Average % of MgO in test, %| 9. 62| Error Analysis: The estimation of the example in gram, have +/ - . 0001g blunder. The estimation utilizing the buret have a +/ - . 1mL mistake. These kinds of estimation mistake depend on the affectability of the instrument, during the estimation. These mistakes could make the outcome go amiss from the genuine answer. During the analysis, utilizing titration to discover the end point. In light of the end point was obscure, a solitary drop could decide its end point. There may be an additional drop that made the information fluctuate as the two pieces of the trial have decided. The main preliminary of both the examination, the number is unique, in light of the uncertain number of drops. Utilizing the outcome from the primary preliminary, the aftereffect of the subsequent preliminary was increasingly precise. As demonstrated from the test of assurance of percent of MgO of the obscure. The example 2 and test 3 testing brings about comparability that contrast from the example one. The example utilized 73. 0 ml of the EDTA arrangement, while the two examples 2 and 3 utilized 74. 2 ml of EDTA arrangement. This will cause a tip in the outcome toward a lower number used to discover the end point. This mistake is certainly not a main consideration since it is just of my 1. 2 ml of the genuine outcome. The percent of each of the three aftereffect of MgO is diverse under 1 percent unique. In this manner, a truly sensible outcome in every one of the three of the test. Conversation: This analysis is to assist us with understanding the response between an anion and the metal cation. It exhibited the Lewis base comprehension of ethylenediaminetetraacetic corrosive (EDTA). The objective was accomplished through titration of the example in numerous preliminaries so as to discover its endpoint. The end point was discovered when the pink tinge, due to EBT was included, transform into a blue/violet shading. This connoted its endpoint of the example. The outcome is acceptable quality, due to the deviation from the principal preliminary and last preliminary that was done on a similar example. The outcome is off by . 2ml in the normalization of EDTA arrangement. In the second piece of the assurance of % MgO of the obscure; the principal, second, and third example the rate dislodges is well under 1% contrast. The outcome is worth 99% sure that the outcome is acceptable quality, as a result of the consistency of the information. The most effective method to refer to % Mgo Determination, Papers

How to Refinish Hardwood Floors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Step by step instructions to Refinish Hardwood Floors - Research Paper Example A few stories become meager when they have been restored a great deal of times in light of the fact that after various revamping, there is no layer left on it to be evacuated. Along these lines, before restoring, consider whether your floor is in acceptable condition to sand. 2. Mastermind the Equipment. Get a belt sander in the event that you can in light of the fact that it is simpler to deal with. Drum sander isn't just heavier to convey yet additionally it is well-suited to make grooves on the wood which are difficult to evacuate. An edge sander should likewise be promptly accessible to reach in alcoves and corners of the room where a belt sander doesn't reach without any problem. Other hardware that you need is a clay blade, scrubber, cushion, wellbeing veils, eye assurance, brush, and froth tools. 3. Set up the floor for sanding by evacuating all furnishings, heat meshes, rugs, and old nails. Mop the floor since it must be dust cleaned before sanding. Try not to go for wood clay on delicate floors since profound gouges and splits in delicate woods would require supplanting entire boards. 5. Begin sanding from the least observable region to get simple with the sander. Concentrate. Spot the sander forward and sand alongside the floor’s grain. Begin sanding near the dividers, sanding the two advances and in reverse. Beginning sanding will just expel the layer of old completion. Utilize the edge sander to arrive at the territories the belt sander had not reached. A drum sander will have a 20-36 coarseness paper in it now. 6. Sand once more, moving in reverse, forward, left and right movement. It will evacuate the scratches that the first sanding left on the floor. This time, a drum sander ought to have a 80 coarseness paper. Select a fitting bearing relying on the look and feel. The edge sander should likewise have a 80 coarseness paper in it. 8. Pick a completion. Polyurethane stain which is either water-based or oil-based, or Osmo Hard Wax Oil, is utilized typically. The completion can be gleaming or matte. Silk finish is favored on the grounds that it is known to shroud the imperfections

How to Write the Tulane Supplement 2019-2020 TKG

How to Write the Tulane Supplement 2019-2020 Tulane is a private research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. Just over 8,500 undergraduates attend the school and the average class size is 21 students. Tulane is hugely involved with the community in New Orleans, and service work is an academic requirement. Tulane’s acceptance rate has been dropping rapidly over the past few years. Last year, it was 13%.  Before we begin, we have three bones to pick with Tulane’s supplement. The first prompt is not optional. That’s a trap. There is no such thing as an optional prompt for a school with a 13% acceptance rate. They just want some people to think that so they have a bigger applicant pool. And @Tulane, saying this prompt is “optional” is a pretty obvious and transparent way to juice your numbers. If we’re wrong, please send us the percentage of students accepted who did not write this supplement. The range of the first prompt is 50-800 words. We called the school to ask about the ridiculously wide range, and they said that they want to give students “as much or as little room as possible to express themselves.” It’s completely unfair to do this to teenagers. Our advice to Tulane is to cut the range and provide a word count. 800 words is longer than the common app essay, and suggesting that you can write that much is anxiety inducing for students. We suggest a response of around 500 words for our clients. It’s enough to get your point across (wrapped up in a story about yourself,) and should cut out all of the unnecessary findings you’re stretching to make relevant. Tulane has a hidden supplement. It’s in the activities section. Can schools please start putting all of the supplemental questions under the “Writing” section?  Anyway… the two prompts are broken down below: Please describe why you are interested in attending Tulane University (optional). 50-800 words.Again, not optional.This “Why Tulane” prompt is very straightforward. Your response should include: Your intended major Two upper level courses you want to takeA professor you’d like to work with An extracurricular activity you’d like to joinSOMETHING ABOUT NEW ORLEANS (More on this later) Start by looking at the list of majors available at Tulane. They have a lot. Pick a major that makes sense within the context of the rest of your application, so look at courses that you’ve done well in during high school and find something that aligns with that. You can’t say that you’re undecided because Tulane needs to balance their class, and they want to know that you have a plan. Let’s say that you pick Art History because you’ve done well in Art, worked at a gallery, and did an art focused summer program last year. Then look at the course catalogue and find two upper level courses (2000-3000) that you want to take. Skip over the introductory level courses because those are not Tulane specific. Don’t just name the courses, explain why you want to take them. Perhaps you read an interestin g book or can relate it to course work or job/internship experience. Next, find a professor whose work and/or research you find interesting. Pitch yourself as their next research assistant by telling them how you’re familiar with an area within their expertise. You now need to consider how you’ll be spending your time outside of the classroom. Tulane has over 200 student organizations, so look at their clubs and activities. You’re searching for something that is an extension of what you’ve done in high school. Once you get in, you can join any club you want. But for now, you need to find something that meshes well with the picture you’ve painted of yourself with the rest of your application.  You can’t submit a Tulane application without talking about New Orleans. The city and the school are deeply intertwined, and not mentioning the school’s setting in your supplement would look like a complete oversight on your end. Of course, this part is easier to write if you’v e visited the school. If not, Google is your best friend. Look into the ways in which Tulane is associated with New Orleans (there are a lot) and find something that speaks to you. You just did a lot of research. Congrats! Now look at your findings. Compare it to the list at the top of this document to make sure you have everything. Your next task is to tell a story about yourself with your Tulane facts weaved throughout. The goal is to prove that there is a strong link between your interests and Tulane’s offerings. This goes back to the original question: If you can study Art History anywhere, why Tulane? Think about your origin story, which is a story about how your academic interests came to fruition. Maybe there was a project or extracurricular activity you did that was the impetus for applying to Tulane. Whatever you choose, make sure that the story has a beginning, middle, and end. And remember, cap it around 500 words. Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. (250 words)The second (and hidden) supplement requires no research. Tulane wants another glimpse into your life. The best way to go about this question is to think about meaningful work or extracurricular activity related experiences that you’ve had. The key word here is meaningful. Don’t write about what you think sounds most impressive. Again, both answers (work or extracurricular) should come in the form of a story with a beginning, middle, and end. If you’re writing about work, think about memorable days on the job. Why do they stick out in your mind? Tell them the story of that day. The job that you choose to write about can be literally anything. If you’ve never had a job or would prefer to write about an extracurricular, make sure that you’re writing about activity that you cared about for longer than a day. You should be really committed to it and passionate about it. Tell them a story that you think exemplifies what it’s like to be a member of X club. Researching can be overwhelming, but we can help. Contact us here if you’re lost in the sauce.

Difference Between Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X

Difference in Approaches Between Martin Luther King Jr.and Malcolm X During the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans, both men and women, fought for basic human rights and opportunities that should have never been taken from them in the first place. These were rights that every being was born with, so it was a very frustrating and exhausting situation to be demanding to be viewed as an equal in a society that thought otherwise. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent figures during the Civil Rights Era who died for equality and Freedom. While Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X fought towards the same goal in mind, they had drastically different approaches to get to a solution. King’s approach mainly focused on love and religion. He did not view love as a weakness like others may have. In fact, he believed that it took courage and strength to love. The white citizens, government officials, and police force during this time expressed a great amount of hate towards African Americans. Police dogs bit unarmed and nonviolent African Americans and the police themselves attacked them with slurs and physical force. Food was also denied on several occasions. Not to mention, the segregation of schools and restaurants. It took strength to love their enemies and forgive what has been done; however it did not mean that they would forget. When you love, you are distancing yourself from hate and creating a space for growth. King believed that they neededShow MoreRelatedDifferences and Similarities Between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.866 Words   |  4 Pagesyou   compare   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X,   you   will   knowà ‚   instantly   that   this   is   true.   There   are   many   differences   between   the   two,   apart   from   the   striking   one:   that   Martin   Luther   King   was   a   very good   statesmen   who   delivered   moving   speeches   about   peace,   freedom   and   democracy   while   Malcolm   X   was   a   known   eradicator   of   those   who   were   not   of   the   superior   white   race.   The   beliefs   of   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X   may   stem   from  Read MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Martin Luther King Jr And Malcolm X1191 Words   |  5 PagesEven after almost fifty-years, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X endure as cherished, powerful, and instrumental leaders in the Civil Rights Movement. Although they were advocating for the same cause, they were not always on the same page about the means. They were both ministers, although of different faiths, and had different thought processes. In his autobiography, Malcolm discusses his childhood in poverty and the ramifications that this caused such as dropping out of school in the eight-gradeRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pageswere Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. They were both influential leaders of the civil rights movement who strove for a common goal, which was to create equality for African Americans. Although Martin Luther King Jr. and M alcolm X were both authoritative figures in the African-American civil rights movement, they differed significantly in their social backgrounds, religious beliefs, and ideologies, which affected their philosophies. The differences in Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X’s familyRead MoreDifferences Between Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960’s Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X represented two sides of the Civil Rights Movement. Speaking to all of humanity, Dr. King made these famous peaceful words, â€Å"I have a dream, a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal† (King, 1963, para 10). Malcolm X spoke of a violent revolution by claiming, â€Å"If it’s necessary to form a Black Nationalist army, we’llRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesconflict between African Americans and whites in the United States which led to discrimination and disorder in the states. African Americans were fortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a differenc e and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the United States. They are both well known individuals for their Civil Rights protesting. Martin Luther King Jr. andRead MoreMartin Malcolm : A Dream Or A Nightmare951 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Martin Malcolm America Peace† If one man never steps forward to show all the others that change is possible, nothing will ever change. When you look back at history of the American civil rights movement, Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are still often two of the first names even someone of today’s society may think of. They were, and still are, some of the most influential men to ever live. As young African-American men living during a time of harsh global, but most importantlyRead MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesminorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peacefulRead More Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  African Americans are fortunate to have leaders who fought for a difference in Black America. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are two powerful men in particular who brought hope to blacks in the United States. Both preached the same message about Blacks having power and strength in the midst of all the hatred that surrounded them. Even though they shared the same dream of equality for their people, the tactics they implied to make these dreamsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X997 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X both fought for the same goal, but had different ways of achieving this goal. They both fought against civil rights and were leaders in the civil rights movement. The way they were brought up is a good explanation for their differences; King was brought up in a wealthy family, while X was raised in the ghetto to a poor family. Both fought against unfair laws, Social Discrimination, and Racial segregation, but theyRead MoreMartin Luther King Vs Malcolm X1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelene Sandoval Professor Solheim History 108 CRN # 20244 16 October 2016 Martin Luther King VS Malcolm X Ronald Regan once said: â€Å"Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn t pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.† In fact, American history has had a great deal of leaders that brought change by improving the lives of others. These leaders introduced new ideas, models, and theories to

Theme Of Sexism In The Thousand And One Nights - 1579 Words

The book, The Thousand and One Nights, is an intriguing story. It has one overarching story with several other stories being told by the various characters of the main storyline. However, behind this main story arc and the several other minor story arcs, lies a common theme, sexism. Several of the male characters in The Thousand and One Nights display their sexism in the way they act and think, and even the main female character of the story, Shahrazad, on the surface level, encourages this way of thinking through her storytelling to King Shahrayar. One would think that given Shahrazad’s relations with the king, she would try in someway to dissuade the misogynistic king from his line of thinking. However, while appealing to the king’s†¦show more content†¦It is important to consider the following: Why exactly does King Shahrayar hold the views of women that he does? His sexist views actually stem from his brother, Shahzaman. While Shahzaman was preparing for hi s journey to visit his brother, he walked in on his wife engaging in sexual intercourse with a kitchen boy. This threw Shahzaman into a rage and he ended up killing his wife and the boy. He states the following, â€Å"I am still here, and this is what she has done when I was barely outside the city. How will it be and what will happen behind my back when I go to visit my brother in India? No. Women are not to be trusted† (Heller-Roazen, 6). Shahzaman can be seen here placing this mistrust that came from his wife onto all women. This is an extremely dangerous to do because it becomes the reason for why King Shahrayar ends up killing a myriad of women after the discovery of his own wife’s adultery. The king follows in his brother’s line of thinking when he says, â€Å"‘O God, O God! There is no power and no strength, save in God the Almighty, the Magnificent. ‘Great is a women’s cunning’† (Heller-Roazen, 11). King Shahrayar also pl aces a negative view onto all women, and this is where his misogyny begins. He places this view that all women and cunning and tricksters, and to ensure that he is never tricked again, he kills every woman that he sleeps with after just one night. The whole kingdom is made alert to what the king is doingShow MoreRelatedSummary of the Merchant and the Demon from the Arabian Nights641 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The first nights story in Arabian Nights is that of the Merchant and the Demon. Told by Shahrazad, the story offers a remarkable parallel to her own situation as she faces immanent death. Thus, the story of the Merchant and the Demon is told as a parable within the frame story, presenting a poignant analogy for Shahrazads own situation. The Merchant and the Demon is a short tale but one filled with themes such as power, guilt, justice, and moral responsibility. Through the clever analogy withRead MoreDiscrimination Is A Dominant Theme Within The Film Of Kill A Mockingbird By H arper Lee1342 Words   |  6 Pageswith expectations and roles that are placed on woman. Finally, the coloured community within the town are segregated and treated unequal to those of whites. Through the elements of social, gender, and racial prejudice, discrimination is a dominant theme within To Kill a Mockingbird. Social discrimination is commonplace, the act of the high class poorly treating the lower class, or alienating those who are different. This attitude and deed are widespread throughout the novel in several ways. The Cunningham’sRead More The Club Culture Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesThe Club Culture The club culture-hundreds of thousands of young people across the country, covered in sweat and rhythmically throbbing to a beat- has long been filled with stigmas and stereotypes; the idea that hip-hop music is only for people of African descent, or solely for the impoverished youth as Dale Kleinschmidt, an ex-DJ and amateur break dancer from Dallas, puts it, has been a common view associated with the hip-hop scene by the masses. Dale got interested in break dancing becauseRead MoreThe New South : An Era Of Change1583 Words   |  7 Pagesscathing looks and judgmental remarks, Lena remains resilient and true to her identity throughout her travels. Mr. Armstid meets Lena on the road, offers to to let her stay the night at his home with him and his wife. He notices her confident attitude as she rides with him in his wagon, commenting, Her own self one of the first ones to cut the ground from under a sister woman, she ll walk the public country herself without shame because she knows that folks, menfolks, will take care of her (14). DespiteRead MoreEssay about The Myth of Prometheus in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein2907 Words   |  12 Pagesknowledge and its consequences were first discussed thousands of years ago by the ancient Greeks. The Titan Prometheus bestowed upon mankind the gift of knowledge, but that gift came with a price. In Frankenstein: or, A Modern Prometheus, Mary Shelley brings the ideas of Prometheus into the early 19th century by co-opting three of the central themes of the Prometheus myth—the themes of knowledge with consequence, the underlying sexism within the story of Pandora, and the use of lightningRead MoreOf Mice And Men And The Pearl By John Steinbeck Essay2423 Words   |  10 Pagesdominating over the people weaker than them. Then there are the weaker willed men and women who are constantly belittled by the empowered ones. The novel’s central focus is around two migrant workers, Lennie Small and George Milton. The relationship between George is Lennie is the first demonstration of how a powerful character takes advantage of the weaker one. George speak and treats Lennie very condescending disregarding the fact that he obviously suffers from a mental issue. 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The Ruined Dreams Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck

The Ruined Dreams in Of Mice and Men Many people in today’s society believe that the perfect American dream is comprised of a house on a tree lined street and 2.5 children. People during the Great Depression era had similar dreams, however most of them never came true. The novel, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is about two vagrants named George and Lennie, based in the 1930’s. The boys travel from town to town in search for work and ultimately, circumstances lead to Lennie’s death. The characters in the novel all have dreams, many of which come to sad ends. Curley’s wife, did not marry her husband for his looks and love, but instead to try and accomplish her dream of fame, instead she was branded as property and her dreams were never fulfilled. The dead worker, Lennie, dreams of working on the farm with his friend George, his life ending too soon before his dream took flight. Finally, an old man by the name of Candy, dreams of not dying alone, hopes to be with his friends at the time of his passing. Sadly, his dream also, ended. This fact does not only stain the era of the Great Depression, but also for today’s times, for many people’s dreams will never come true. For Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men characters, the American dream is unattainable. Curley’s wife dreams of living the luxurious life of a Hollywood actor. The dream was soon broken by her own death. She can not live her dream because Lennie, a worker on her father-in-law’s farm, snapped her neck. Her dream firstShow MoreRelatedCultures in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Steinbeck (1902 – 1968) was born in Salinas, California, which was also were the book ‘Of Mice and Men’ was set. At the time John Steinbeck introduced the book ‘Of Mice and Men’, money was a really big issue. This time was known as the ‘Great Slump’, also known as, the Great Depression. 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The ranchmen and Curleys wife all display racist attitudes towards Crooks, for example in chapter four Curleys Wife says Well you just keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strungRead MoreTheme Of Foreshadowing In Of Mice And Men961 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Of Mice and Men† there is foreshadowing used, but where? How does Steinbeck use foreshadowing in â€Å"Of Mice and Men?† foreshadowing means to give hints to future events. Foreshadowing in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is shown through these 4 things with: Allusion to the Poem, Lennie’s obsession,The American Dream,and the Parallel between the Death of Candy’s dog and Lennie. John Steinbeck uses foreshadowing by alluding the poem To a Mouse. In the poem To a Mouse† it qoutes â€Å"You need not to start away soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men767 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a classic among American literature and is regarded as an important novel in American literature. 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Accounting and the Control of Energy Costs Control and Reduction

Question: Discuss about theAccounting and the Control of Energy Costs for Control and Reduction. Answer: Accountants plays an important role in accounting and controlling energy costs. Via the environmental management accounting, accountants ensure reduced environmental impacts caused by the energy on the environment to reduce such costs. Since environmental impacts have such business costs as consuming raw materials and utilizing utilities like energy (Schulze. and Heidenreich 2017). The accountants use the standard accounting methods in the identification, analysis, managements as well as reducing these energy costs in a manner that can benefit both the environment and business. Accountants use environmental management accounting in the identification of additional issues like noncompliance, negative public relations as well as safety and health issue relating to the energy production cost. The accountants have direct interest in the control and reduction of energy cost as well as increasing profits. They monitor, measure as well as control these costs. They also manage info systems to have accurate and reliable outputs. They also identify and plan financial budgets for the energy project improvements and help in the formulation and implementation of cost-saving strategies. They also have a role to provide highly considered advice to energy sector stakeholders. This issue should be considered as one of the key issues in environmental and social accounting because it falls under the environmental management accounting thereby offering the opportunity for the accountants to develop the services offered over and above traditional central activities. The issue also requires two social and environmental accounting-attached skills. It requires skills in costing and investment appraisals. Costing skills enable to determine the environmental costs of energy for effective allocation to manage and set prices at appropriate levels. Skills in investment appraisals of energy products ensure all environmental costs are considered to control and reduce energy costs. The issue needs to be addressed now because both environmental and social costs associate with energy is rising and without being controlled and reduced, there will be no sustainability. With the increase demand for energy, costs have been shooting and hence accountants must play their role to control and reduce these costs at as soon as possible. These issues have substantial implications for the accounting profession as well as society and community. For the accounting profession, these issues have ensured that more emphasis are shifted to gain skills that help accountants and financial staff to adapt their prevailing skills alongside usual job responsibilities to assist energy sector businesses deal with the environmental and social issues (Brown, Henze and Milford 2017). To the community and society, it helps them to be protected from damages linked to social and environmental costs arising from energy production. References Brown, K.E., Henze, D.K. and Milford, J.B., 2017. How accounting for climate and health impacts of emissions could change the US energy system. Energy Policy, 102, pp.396-405. Schulze, M. and Heidenreich, S., 2017. Linking energy-related strategic flexibility and energy efficiencythe mediating role of management control systems choice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, pp.1504-1513.

Medicine And Human Welfare Essay Example

Medicine And Human Welfare Paper Maimonides (1135-1204), Jewish philosopher and physician, born in Cordoba, Spain. He was also known as Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, or, from the initials of his name, Rambam. Following the capture of Cordoba in 1148 by the Almohads, who imposed Islam on Christians and Jews alike, Maimonidess family decided to emigrate. After years of wandering they finally settled in Cairo. There Maimonides eventually became the chief rabbi of Cairo and physician to Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria. The contributions of Maimonides to the Medicine and human welfare. Humanitarian aid is almost always political. Its governments and organizations with clear political agendas who dispense most humanitarian funds. A close look at foreign aid indicates that the self-interest of the donor rather than altruism usually motivates such programs. The French directed economic aid, primarily to former African colonies, for years in order to further a Francophone community. Meanwhile, European aid programs to the Palestinians are a way to exercise a diplomatic role in a conflict in which most of the shots are called by the Americans. FOREIGN AID is seen as buying influence. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine And Human Welfare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine And Human Welfare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine And Human Welfare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While establishing a clear connection between economic dependence and political compliance is problematic, such a link is on the minds of decision makers. Secondly, decisions on financial aid are hardly based on a meticulous comparative analysis of the respective needs of various hard-hit groups around the globe. Aid programs are only minimally related to an objective evaluation of the economic situation of potential recipients. Simply put, it is not the poorest that get the most money. For example, Palestinians receive substantially larger amounts of money per capita than do far more destitute populations in Africa the Sudan, for instance. There are many countries whose populations suffer far more than do the Palestinian Arabs on such key indices as life expectancy and average caloric intake. Thirdly, rendering financial aid strengthens the donor political organizations and states dispensing it. This is precisely why several European states toy with the idea of sending money directly to Mahmoud Abbas, representing the good guys, rather than to Hamas, perceived (for the time being) as the bad guys. The fact that Abbas chaired a corrupt and inept government seems irrelevant. FOURTHLY, there is the CNN effect, which is responsible for eliciting a significant portion of the humanitarian aid provided. Disasters that attract the attention of the media for extended periods are inevitably viewed as good tools for public diplomacy. Such disasters are capitalized upon to announce generous offers of foreign aid (not always fully delivered) in order to enhance national reputations. The Palestinians, now partly under economic siege, have a clear interest in playing up the idea that they face a humanitarian disaster. Its a way to overcome political obstacles and speed up delayed financial contributions. Of course, generous donations (usually from Western states) do not always reach the intended recipients. Some leaders in the less-developed world are ingenious at siphoning aid away from those who truly need it. Many top-ranking Palestinians have enjoyed the fruits of the donors gullibility. Moreover, in war-torn societies it is the guys with the guns who usually end up with the food supplies and other goodies provided by well- intentioned foreigners. Food and medicines sent to the Palestinians will invariably end up in the hands of the armed militias. THE PAVLOVIAN response of sending money to societies unable to put their houses in order must therefore be questioned. Maimonides, the great Jewish scholar of the 11th century, established a clear hierarchy of philanthropic acts. In his view, the most valuable philanthropic deed involves aid directed at enabling the recipient to become economically independent. His insight is validated by the history of humanitarian aid in the past century, which shows that outside economic aid is only as good as the ability of a recipients economy and government to use it prudently and productively. Thus it is not at all clear that sending more money to the dysfunctional Palestinian economy will do any good. After all, millions of euros transferred to the PA since the 1993 Oslo Accords have been squandered and misused. Indeed, the Palestinian arena provides a telling example of an utterly dysfunctional welfare institution, UNRWA, whose stated goal is to set the Palestinian refugees on the road to self-reliance and sustainable human development. The expectation that UNRWA will help the refugees rebuild their lives and stop living on charity remains unfulfilled. Surprisingly, according to the organizations own figures, the number of refugees has grown, from hundreds of thousands in 1948 to over 4 million in 2004. These numbers indicate a colossal failure on part of UNRWA to turn the refugees into self-reliant individuals. We know that welfare can be addictive. In the case of UNRWA, its activities have created a multi-generational dependence. UNRWA has, in fact, become the main tool for not solving the refugee issue. UNRWA has subordinated the welfare of the people it is supposed to be helping to the political needs of Israels enemies by ensuring that the refugees stay addicted to foreign welfare. In the final analysis, humanitarian aid should be dispensed judiciously, while making sure that it does not preserve poverty and dependence. Addiction can be treated in several ways. Cold turkey is one approach, and the Palestinians should be induced to try it. REFRENCES GILBERT MURRAY, W. R. INGE, J. BURNET, SIR T. L. HEATH, D’ARCY W. THOMPSON, CHARLES SINGER, R. W. LIVINGSTON, A. TOYNBEE, A. E. ZIMMERN, PERCY GARDNER, SIR REGINALD BLOMFIELD

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April 9, 2001 The Effect of Life Experience’s on the Works of Edgar Allan Poe I. Biography II. To Helen A. Summary B. Relation to life experience III. The Cask of Amontillado A. Summary B. Relation to life experience IV. The Raven A. Summary B. Relation to life experience Experiences during a lifetime can affect a person in numerous ways, such as did Edgar Allan Poe. Poe took his experiences, and transformed them into the stories and poems that we have today. Throughout this paper, you will see how events in Poe’s life not only influenced the style of Poe’s writing, but also the subject matter and the characters. Saying that Poe had a bad childhood would be a tremendous understatement. Around the time that Poe was born, his father left them. Two years later, his mother died. Poe then went to live with a family member, but because of the financial situation they would not have been able to take care of him and his brother. He was then adopted by the family of Fanny and John Allan. Living in the Allan household gave Poe opportunities that he could never have obtained if he had lived with his parents. Poe was sent to teachers at age five, and even had private schooling in England for the short stint that he lived there. He was very gifted in the languages, some of his early works were written in both French and Latin (Poe: A Reflection.). At the age of fifteen he had enough poems to publish a book, but John talked him out of doing so. Not only was Poe a tremendous scholar, but he was also a suburb athlete. He was known to swim six miles in the James River against a strong current (Edgar’s teens.). Poe was also the Lieutenant of the Junior Morgan Riflemen at age fifteen; his military aptitude came from his grandfather, General Poe. Just before going to the University of Virginia, Poe met his first love, Elmira Richmond. Before heading off to the university, he had met her in Richmond and continue... Free Essays on The Effect Of Life Experience’s On The Works Of Edgar Allan Poe Free Essays on The Effect Of Life Experience’s On The Works Of Edgar Allan Poe April 9, 2001 The Effect of Life Experience’s on the Works of Edgar Allan Poe I. Biography II. To Helen A. Summary B. Relation to life experience III. The Cask of Amontillado A. Summary B. Relation to life experience IV. The Raven A. Summary B. Relation to life experience Experiences during a lifetime can affect a person in numerous ways, such as did Edgar Allan Poe. Poe took his experiences, and transformed them into the stories and poems that we have today. Throughout this paper, you will see how events in Poe’s life not only influenced the style of Poe’s writing, but also the subject matter and the characters. Saying that Poe had a bad childhood would be a tremendous understatement. Around the time that Poe was born, his father left them. Two years later, his mother died. Poe then went to live with a family member, but because of the financial situation they would not have been able to take care of him and his brother. He was then adopted by the family of Fanny and John Allan. Living in the Allan household gave Poe opportunities that he could never have obtained if he had lived with his parents. Poe was sent to teachers at age five, and even had private schooling in England for the short stint that he lived there. He was very gifted in the languages, some of his early works were written in both French and Latin (Poe: A Reflection.). At the age of fifteen he had enough poems to publish a book, but John talked him out of doing so. Not only was Poe a tremendous scholar, but he was also a suburb athlete. He was known to swim six miles in the James River against a strong current (Edgar’s teens.). Poe was also the Lieutenant of the Junior Morgan Riflemen at age fifteen; his military aptitude came from his grandfather, General Poe. Just before going to the University of Virginia, Poe met his first love, Elmira Richmond. Before heading off to the university, he had met her in Richmond and continue...

Human Resource Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Unit 2 Individual Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Event Will Never Forget Essay Example for Free

Event Will Never Forget Essay Comparison of Di erent Neighbourhood Sizes in Simulated Annealing Xin Yao Department of Computer Science University College, University of New South Wales Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra, ACT, Australia 2600 Abstract Neighbourhood structure and size are important parameters in local search algorithms. This is also true for generalised local search algorithms like simulated annealing. It has been shown that the performance of simulated annealing can be improved by adopting a suitable neighbourhood size. However, previous studies usually assumed that the neighbourhood size was xed during search. This paper presents a simulated annealing algorithm with a dynamic neighbourhood size which depends on the current emperature value during search. A method of dynamically deciding the neighbourhood size by approximating a continuous probability distribution is given. Four continuous probability distributions are used in our experiments to generate neighbourhood sizes dynamically, and the results are compared. combinatorial optimisation. A method of generating dynamic neighbourhood sizes by approximating continuous probability distributions is given in this section. Section 4 compares the experimental results of using di erent continuous probability distributions to generate dynamic neighbourhood sizes. Finally, Section 5 concludes with some remarks and directions of future research. 2 General Simulated Annealing Although SA can be used in both continuous and discrete cases, this paper only considers combinatorial optimisation by SA unless otherwise indicated explicitly. A combinatorial optimisation problem can be informally described as nding an optimal con guration X from a nite or in nite countable con guration space S . Each con guration X 2 S can be represented by its n (gt; 0) components, i. e. , X = (x1; x2; ; xn ), where xi 2 Xi , i = 1; 2; ; n. An excellent discussion of combinatorial optimisation and its complexity can be found in Garey and Johnsons book 8]. A general model of SA, which is applicable to both continuous and discrete problems, can be described by Figure 1, where function generate (X; Tn) is decided by the generation robability gXY (Tn ), which is the probability of generating con guration Y from con guration X at temperature Tn , function accept (X; Y; Tn) is decided by the acceptance probability aXY (Tn ), which is the probability of accepting con guration Y after it has been generated at temperature Tn , and function update (Tn ) decides the rate of the temperature decrease. These three functions determine the convergence o f general SA 5, 6, 9], but parameters in general SA, such as the initial temperature, initial con guration, inner-loop stop criterion, and outer1 Introduction Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms can nd very good near optimal solutions to a wide range of hard problems, but at the high computational cost. Various methods have been proposed to speed up its convergence, which can roughly be divided into three categories: (1) Optimising functions and parameters in SA 1]; (2) Combining SA with other search algorithms 2, 3]; and (3) Parallelising SA 4]. This paper falls into the above rst category. Section 2 of this paper describes a general SA algorithm 5, 6] which uni es di erent variants of the classical one 7]. Section 3 presents SA with a dynamic neighbourhood size and its application in Published in Proc. of Fourth Australian Conf. on Neural Networks, ed. P. Leong and M. Jabri, pp. 216{219, 1993, Melbourne, Australia. generate initial con guration X at random; generate initial temperature T0; REPEAT REPEAT Y = generate(X; Tn); IF accept(X; Y; Tn) THEN X = Y ; UNTIL `inner-loop stop criterion satis ed; Tn+1 = update (Tn ); n = n + 1; UNTIL `outer-loop stop criterion satis ed Figure 1: General simulated annealing. loop stop criterion, can have signi cant impact on its nite-time behaviour. That is, the computation time in practice depends on the three functions as well as these parameters. Most research on SA has concentrated on the update and accept function and various algorithmic parameters, only limited attention has been paid to the generate function. However, the generate function decides an important part | the neighbourhood structure and size | of a local search algorithm regardless of whether it is a deterministic one or a stochastic one like SA. The neighbourhood NX of a con guration X is de ned by con guration. The xed-size neighbourhood clearly does not conform with the basic search strategy behind SA. It is appealing to have a neighbourhood size which can adjust itself in the di erent search stages. Fast SA 12] can be regarded as an example of SA with a dynamic neighbourhood size, but it is only used in the continuous case. The application of dynamic neighbourhood size in combinatorial optimisation, to our best knowledge, has not been well-studied. 3 Dynamic Neighbourhood Size in Simulated Annealing This section gives a method of dynamically deciding the neighbourhood size in SA according to the temperature parameter 5, 6]. In the high temperature stages, SA algorithms have high acceptance probability for both good and ad moves, i. e. , exploration plays a major role in search, and thus a large neighbourhood size is used to enhance such exploration. In the low temperature stages, exploitation plays a major role in search, and thus a smaller neighbourhood is more suitable. In the following discussion, we say that the Hamming distance between two con guration X = (x1 ; x2; ; xn ) and Y = (y1; y2 ; ; yn ) is if there are exactly di erent elements between them. Let f (x) be the continuous density function which is used to generate the Hamming distance between the current con guration and the next one. Denote the set of con gurations which are distant from the current con guration X as SX ( ), SX ( ) = fY 2 S; gXY (Tn) gt; 0g where X 62 NX , and X 2 NY i Y 2 NX . NX = fY jY (1) ing search once de ned for a problem. Goldstein and Waterman 10] and Cheh et al. 11] carried out some experiments on comparing SA with di erent neighbourhood sizes, but the sizes are still xed once decided. A limitation of SA with a xed neighbourhood size is its inability to perform search at di erent scales in di erent stages of search. As indicated in our previous study 5], SA can be viewed as an attempt to combine exploration of a space and exploitation of a sub-space into the same algorithm, i. e. , coarse-grained search in the high temperature stages explores the con guration space and tries to locate promising regions, while ned-grained search in the low temperature stages exploits the promising regions and tries to nd a good near optimal gXY (Tn ) = 1=jNX j, where jNX j is the size of NX , i. . , the number of con gurations in NX , and is the same for all X in S . Moreover, jNX j is xed dur- Previous research on SA normally assumed that j Y 2 S; dXY = g (2) The probability of generating con guration Y , which is dXY distant from con guration X , is dened as 1 = jS (1 )j P rob dXY ? 2 lt; X dXY Z dXY + 1 2 f (x)dx = jS (1 )j 1 X dXY dXY ? 2 f (dXY ) jSX (dXY )j 2 gXY (Tn ) dXY + 1 2 (3) Suppose the maximum Hamming distance allowed for one move is dmax 1 , then the normalised generation function is f (dXY ) / jSX (dXY )j gXY (Tn ) = (4) FX (Tn ) where FX (Tn ) = X X f (d ) max XZ jSX (dXZ )j dXZ =1 Z 2S 4 Experimental Results We adopt the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) as a benchmark to evaluate our SA algorithms because of its clear mathematical de nition and high computational complexity. Goldstein and Waterman 10] and Cheh et al. 11] have experimented with TSPs using di erent but xed neighbourhood sizes and found that a small neighbourhood size is better than a large neighbourhood size. That is, the SA algorithm performs the best when dXY = 1. TSPs with 40 cities are used in our experiment and are generated at random. The same initial conguration, inner-loop stop criterion, out-loop stop criterion, and temperature decreasing rate are used in our experiments in order to evaluate the impact of the neighbourhood size on the performance of SA algorithms. Our experiments, albeit preliminary, have demonstrated that SA with a dynamic neighbourhood size outperforms SA with a xed neighbourhood size. Table 1 gives the results of four typical runs of two kinds of SA algorithms. Table 2 gives the results of using di erent distributions to generate neighbourhood sizes. roblem instance 1 2 3 4 initial value 15080 12260 13760 15820 NorSA 2540 2140 2560 2300 CSA 3120 2520 2880 2460 Table 1: Comparison of SA with a xed neighbourhood size (CSA) and SA with a dynamic neighbourhood size (NorSA). Normal distribution is used to generate the neighbourhood size. (5) Theorem 3. 1 ( 5]) Suppose the acceptance function in an SA algorithm is aXY (Tn ) = min 1; exp ? ? cY T cX n : (6) and the generation function is (4), where f (x) in (4) can be anyone of the following, (a) the Normal function N (0; Tn), i. e. , 1 exp ? d2 XY f (dXY ) = p 2Tn 2 Tn (b) the exponential function E (Tn ), i. . , f (dXY ) = ! 1 exp ? dXY Tn Tn (c) the Cauchy function C (Tn ), i. e. , 1 T f (dXY ) = 2 n 2 dXY + Tn (d) the stable function with index 1 13], i. e. , 2 f (dXY ) = q exp ? 2d1 XY 2 d3 XY 1 5 Concluding Remarks Neighbourhood size is an important parameter in local search algorithms, but only a xed size was adopted in previous application of SA to combinatorial optimisation problems. This paper proposes a method of using a dynamic neighbourhood size in SA based on our analysis of SA search. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the advantage of a dynamic neighbourhood size in SA. The idea of a dynamic neighbourhood size could also be introduced into other local search algorithms. It is, in fact, related to a more profound 3 Then the SA algorithm converges to global minima if the cooling rate is Tn = ln n + n0 ; n = 1; 2; (7) where and n0 are positive constants. It is set to n, the number of elements in a con guration, in our experiments. 1 problem instance initial value CauSA NorSA ExpSA StableSA 1 17800 2480 2540 2640 3760 2 15500 3000 3340 3180 4420 3 16600 3300 2920 3460 4500 4 14780 3000 2980 3280 3760 References 1] P. J. M. van Laarhoven and E. H. L. Aarts, Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications, D. Reidel Publishing Co. , 1987. 2] D. H. Ackley, A Connectionist Machine for Genetic Hillclimbing, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1987. 3] X. Yao, Optimization by genetic annealing, In M. Jabri, editor, Proc. of ACNN91, pages 94{97, Sydney, 1991. 4] D. R. Greening, Parallel simulated annealing techniques, Physica D, 42:293{306, 1990. 5] X. Yao, Simulated annealing with extended neighbourhood, International J. of Computer Math. , 40:169{189, 1991. 6] X. Yao and G. -J. Li, General simulated annealing, J. of Computer Sci. Tech. 6:329{ 338, 1991. 7] S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, and M. P. Vecchi, Optimization by simulated annealing, Science, 220:671{680, 1983. 8] M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson, Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W. H. Freeman Co. , San Francisco, 1979. 9] S. Anily and A. Federgruen, Ergodicity in parameteric nonstationary Markov chains: an application to annealing methods, Ope r. Res. , 35:867{874, 1987. 10] L. Goldstein and M. Waterman, Neighborhood size in the simulated annealing algorithm, Amer. J. of Math. and Management Sci. , 8:409{423, 1988. 11] K. M. Cheh, J. B. Goldberg, and R. G. Askin, A note on the e ect of neighborhood structure in simulated annealing algorithm, Computers and Oper. Res. , 18:537{547, 1991. 12] H. H. Szu and R. L. Hartley, Nonconvex optimization by fast simulated annealing, Proc. of IEEE, 75:1538{1540, 1987. 13] W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, volume 2, John Wiley Sons, Inc. , 2nd edition, 1971. 4 Table 2: SA with a dynamic neighbourhood size which is generated by the Cauchy function (CauSA), Normal function (NorSA), Exponential function (ExpSA), and Stable function with index 1=2 (StableSA). esearch issue in search theory, i. e. , the issue of exploration versus exploitation or global search versus local search. Although local search based on some heuristics can be quite e cient under many circumstances, the problem of local optima is very hard to deal with. Some kind of global search has to be used if a global optimum or near optimum is required. However, the computational cos t of global search is often prohibitively high for most real-world applications due to the vast search space. It is bene cial to combine global and local search together. An open question here is how to decide when global or local search should be performed. It is also di cult to draw the line strictly between local and global search in practice. Dynamic neighbourhood size offers a way to deal with the problem by transferring from global search to local search smoothly based on a control parameter, temperature in SA. However, more work has to be done on deciding which kind of generation functions is most suitable for an application, i. e. what is the optimal rate of reducing the neighbourhood size. As indicated before, Fast SA 12] o ers a big improvement over classical SA 7] due to the adoption of Cauchy distribution. An interesting topic is to investigate whether the discrete version of Fast SA can o er similar improvement over classical SA. Our preliminary experiments seem to give a negative answer. Acknowledgement | The author is grateful to Drs. B. Marksjo and R. Sharpe for their support of his work while he was with CSIRO Division of Building, Construction and Engineering.

The K+ Channel Revisited :: Chemical Neuroscience Chemistry Papers

The K+ Channel Revisited Many scientists enter the field of neuroscience with a desire to understand how the human brain functions to create our actions. Some take a large approach and study reactions to stimulus in live animals. This approach leaves us still wanting to know about things that aren't a result of an outside stimulus. Other scientists take the minimalist approach and start by studying the exact mechanisms of individual cells of the brain. But, what good does that do us for everyday life? There is also the approach of taking our knowledge of behavior from diseases of the brain. Would we have thought about how our brain regulates our moods if it weren't for the fact that some people experience depression, in which the regulation of mood goes amiss? Many of the disease have led us to a deep understanding of the chemical interactions in our brain and body. At a very broad level, and ignoring religious discussions, we can say that every part of our existence is a result of chemical interactions . Besides giving us our substance, chemistry also gives us a mode of communication throughout our bodies. In our brain a large chemical component is that of the action potential that is conducted along a neuron as a result in the changing permeability of the cell. The axons of our neurons are the pathway for the communication that exists in our nervous system. This communication takes the form of an electric signal, also called an action potential. The action potential occurs due to a change in voltage across the membrane of the axon. The change in voltage is achieved by a change in the permeability of the neurons to the ions, Na+, Ca+, and K+.(1)The cell starts with a large concentration of potassium ions, K+, inside the cell, and a large concentration of sodium ions, Na+, outside the cell. The action potential propagates down the axon due to openings and closing of different channels allowing changing of the permeability to the differing ions (10). Channels are proteins that span the membrane of the axon. These proteins have a structure so that they can be allow ions to flow through pores that are only open at the appropriate times. Some of the channels are opened and closed by other chemicals, while some are initiated by a change in the membrane potential.

Jamaica’ crime rate statistic 2013 Essay

Jamaica has one of the world’s highest per-capita murder rates, and a 2010 state of emergency threw the harsh glare of publicity on the violent gang and drug culture in the capital, Kingston. Violent crime can be a real problem in Kingston and other parts of the country, but typically such crimes involve attacks by Jamaicans on other Jamaicans and revolve around drugs, gangs, politics, poverty, or revenge. Most crimes targeting visitors in tourist areas like Montego Bay, Negril and Ocho Rios are property-oriented — pickpocketing and petty theft, for example. Armed robberies do occasionally involve tourists, and can turn violent if victims resist. Credit-card skimming is an ongoing problem in Jamaica. Some scammers will make a copy of your credit-card information when you give your card to a restaurant server or shopkeeper. ATMs also may be rigged to steal your card information, or individuals may observe you at the ATM and try to steal your password. Avoid using credit cards or ATMs whenever possible; carry just enough cash for what you need that day. If you do need to use a credit card, keep an eye on the person handling your card. If you need to get cash, use the ATM at your hotel. Sexual assaults by hotel employees in resort areas on Jamaica’s north coast have occurred with some frequency, as well. Police in Jamaica are generally short on manpower and training. You will see an increased police presence in areas of Montego Bay and Ocho Rios frequented by tourists, but if you are a victim of crime you may find the response of the local police to be lacking — or nonexistent. Locals generally have little trust in the police, and while visitors are unlikely to be mistreated by police, the Jamaican Constabulary Force is widely viewed as corrupt and ineffectual. Tourists are advised to avoid traveling in notoriously high-threat areas of Kingston including, but not limited to, Mountain View, Trench Town, Tivoli Gardens, Cassava Piece and Arnett Gardens. In Montego Bay, avoid the areas of Flankers, Canterbury, Norwood, Rose Heights, Clavers Street and Hart Street. Several of the latter neighborhoods are adjacent to Montego Bay’s Sangster International Airport. Road Safety The north coastal road linking popular tourist destinations such as Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, and Negril is much improved in recent years. However, most roads are poorly maintained and have poor signage. Smaller roads may not be paved, and often are narrow, winding, and crowded with pedestrians, bicycles, and livestock. Driving is on the left, and Jamaica’s roundabouts (traffic circles) can be confusing for drivers used to driving on the right. Seat-belt use is required and recommended even for taxi passengers, given the hazardous driving conditions. Use of public transportation is not recommended, since public buses are often overcrowded and can become venues for crime. Take a cab from your hotel or use transportation from vendors that are part of JUTA — the Jamaica Union of Travelers Association.

The American Holocaust And American Americans - 1256 Words

The American Holocaust has had a major effect on the Native American people, and changed their lives forever. It all begins with the European and Spanish invasion of North America. The European people brought over dieses that the Native American were not exposed too and it caused deaths with in their groups. Also the Europeans brought over more advanced weapons and were able to take over the Native Americans, and this lead to the American Holocaust and shows the effect on the Native American people. These historical events have been used in many Native American stories, and a person is able to see the connections. The American Holocaust was a time that was damaging for the Native American people. It was a time that dealt with the invasion of the Spanish and European people. One aspect that made it a damaging time for the Native Americans, was the lack of weapons that they had compared to the advanced technology of their enemy’s. â€Å"Columbus responded with several hundred a rmed troops, Calvary, and a score or more of trained attack dogs†(Stannard P. 13).This shows the amount of power and money that Columbus had behind him. He was able to get what he needed to win his battles, with either swords or armor, or more attack dogs and more warriors. One of the first discoveries of North American from Europeans was with Columbus. For America’s history, it more widely recognized Columbus, as opposed to the Native American people. This is because the Spanish and Europeans weren’tShow MoreRelatedAmerican Holocaust: American History1426 Words   |  6 PagesAMERICAN HOLOCAUST The other side of the story to our great American history is not as pretty as they teach us in grade school. 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See it all began when white EuropeanRead MoreEssay on American Holocaust1148 Words   |  5 PagesWhen one looks through the history of the last century, many great atrocities can come to mind. However, the one that is the most common is that of the Holocaust during World War II. People often wonder how something like this could have been allowed to happen. These same people wonder this without realizing that something similar has happened, right within their own shores. Not only this, but they do not realize how previously close we could become to ha ving this happen again. To understand howRead MoreComparing American Slavery and the Holocaust994 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the American Slavery and the Holocaust, in terms of which one was more malevolent than the other. Research indicates that â€Å"the â€Å"competition† between African-American and Jews has served to trivialize the malevolence which both has suffered† (Newton, 1999). 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